Name the 3 forms of hemoglobin oxy (oxygen bound to heme), deoxy (no oxygen bound to heme), carbamino (co2 bound to the protein not the heme É/–ü¼’â@Name 3 characteristics of erythrocytes (RBC) 1) small bioconcave, anucleate disks 2) contain the oxygen binding protein, hemoglobin 3) thin in center and thick around the rim 4) contain spectrin (a protein) which enables RBC's to change shapes É/–ü¼’â@what is the RBC count for men and for women ? men = 4.8 to 6.2 million, women 4.2 to 5.4 É/–ü¼’â@Name the 3 stages of RBC production? 1) production of ribosomes 2) synthesis of hemoglobin 3) ejection of erythrocyte's nucleus and organelles É/–ü¼’â@what does EPO stand for? erythropoietin a hormone made by the kidney É/–ü¼’â@Name the 7 stages of RBC development. 1) hemocytoblast 2) proerythroblast 3) early erythroblast (basophillic) 4) late erythroblast (polychromatophillic) 5) normoblast 6) Reticulosite 7) erythrocyte É/–ü¼’â@Which stage of RBC development produces large quantities of ribosomes? early erythroblast (basophillic) É/–ü¼’â@which stage of RBC developement has a committed cell? proerythroblast É/–ü¼’â@Which stage of RBC development does blue ribosomes of cytoplasm turn to a pink color? late (polychromatophillic) erythroblast É/–ü¼’â@What happens in during the Normoblast stage of RBC development? has organelles and nucleus É/–ü¼’â@What happens during the reticulosite stage of RBC development? nucleus is ejected - has 1 to 2% in circulation É/–ü¼’â@During wich stage of RBC development is their a mature reticulocutes, most if not all ribosomes are degraded? Erythrocyte É/–ü¼’â@When does cell division take place? during the first 2 phases of development É/–ü¼’â@name 3 reasons for drop in oxygen levels? reduced # of erythrocytes, reduced oxygen availability, increased tissue demand É/–ü¼’â@What is hypoxia? lack of oxygen in blood É/–ü¼’â@When hypoxia occurs what happens next? signal kidneys to relase the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) É/–ü¼’â@what are the dietary requirements for erythropoeisis? B vitamins and iron É/–ü¼’â@name 2 storage proteins? hemosiderin + ferritin É/–ü¼’â@What is the life span of an RBC and what happens to them at the end? 100 - 120 days life span, become phagocytized by macrophages É/–ü¼’â@RBC's are broken down into ________ & ________ which is then further broken down into _______ & _________. globin & heme which is further broken down into iron and biliverdin É/–ü¼’â@When RBC's are broken down, biliverdin is converted into what? bilirubin É/–ü¼’â@aged/damaged RBC's engulfed by macrophages of _________ & ________, the hemoglobin is sequestered by the ______ liver and spleen - hemoglobin sequestered by the liver É/–ü¼’â@Low RBC count or low oxygen levels stimulate ______ ? secretion of erythropoeitin É/–ü¼’â@ __________ is a condition of decreased number of RBC or decreased concentration of hemoglobin anemia É/–ü¼’â@Name 3 causes of low RBC. 1) hemorrhagic 2) hemolytic 3) aplastic É/–ü¼’â@define hemorrhagic result of blood loss É/–ü¼’â@define hemolytic erythrocytes are ruptured or torn apart É/–ü¼’â@define aplastic results from destruction or inhibition of red marrow É/–ü¼’â@Name 3 different causes of anemia 1) insufficient number of RBC 2) decreased in hemoglobin content 3) abnormal hemoglobin É/–ü¼’â@Small pale RBC's are a sign of what? iron deficiency É/–ü¼’â@microcytes are aka small pale RBC É/–ü¼’â@ __________ = intrinsic factor deficiency causes inability to absorb adequate amount of vitamin ________, pernicious, vitamin B 12 É/–ü¼’â@production of large RBC's are called what? This is a sympton of what? macrocytes, sympton of pernicious É/–ü¼’â@What does the intrinsic factor do? no b vitamins will be absorbed, then no RBC will be produced É/–ü¼’â@Name 3 types of abnormal hemoglobin thalassemia, sickle cell, polycethemia É/–ü¼’â@define thalassemia genetic defect, absence of one of the polypeptide chains (RBC's are thin and fragile) É/–ü¼’â@define sickle cell genetic defect, change in 1 amino acid causes hemoglobin to be crescent shaped É/–ü¼’â@define polycethemia and name 2 types of it abnormal excess of RBC's. Primary and secondary polycethemia's É/–ü¼’â@This describes wich type of anemia or polycethemia = excess RBC's as a result of tumorous abnormalities of bone marrow primary polycethemia (erythemia) É/–ü¼’â@wich type of anemia or polycethmia does this describe - results when decreased oxygen availability occurs or erythropoeitin production increases seconday polycethemia (physiological) É/–ü¼’â@What is the difference between primary and secondary polycethemia? primary rsults from bone marrow overproduction + tumorous abnormalities secondary results from decreased oxygen É/–ü¼’â@Wich type of polycethemia has EPO production increase? secondary polycethemia É/–ü¼’â@iron deficiency and pernicious are 2 different types of what? decreased hemoglobin content É/–ü¼’â@small pale - RBC's are associated w/ what? iron-deficiency É/–ü¼’â@phsiologic is aka secondary polycethemia É/–ü¼’â@ É/–ü¼’â@